Brazier

A  is a container used to burn  or other  for cooking, heating or cultural rituals. It often takes the form of a metal box or bowl with feet. Its elevation helps circulate air, feeding oxygen to the fire. Braziers have been used since ancient times; the Nimrud brazier dates to at least 824 BC.

History
The word brazier is mentioned in the. The word for brazier is believed to be of Egyptian origin, suggesting that it was imported from Egypt. The lone reference to it in the Bible being the following verse:


 * - the winter palace of King was heated by a brazier (אָח).

Roman Emperor was  in his tent in 364, ending the line of.

Heating
Despite risks in burning on open fires, braziers were widely adopted for domestic heating, particularly and somewhat more safely used (namely in unglazed, shuttered-only buildings) in the Spanish-speaking world. noted that, the of the  city of , slept between two braziers because he was so old that he produced no natural heat. Nineteenth-century British travellers such as diplomat and scientist and the writer, author of , state that widely braziers were considered healthier than fireplaces and chimneys.

The brazier could sit in the open in a large room; often it was incorporated into furniture. Many cultures developed their own variants of a low table, with a heat source underneath and blankets to capture the warmth: the ' in Japan, the ' in Iran, the sandali in Afghanistan, and the in northern Europe. In Spain the ' continued to be one of the main means of heating until the early 20th century; described in his memoir ' its widespread habit in the 1920s of dying embers of a brazier beneath a cloth-covered table to keep the legs and feet of the family warm on winter evenings.

Scent
Moist rose and grapevine trimmings produce a pungent, sweet-smelling smoke, and make charcoal, but unless fully pre-dried (seasoned or kilned) as with wood, do.

Aromatics (lavender seeds, orange peel) were sometimes added to the embers in the brazier.

A “brazier” for burning aromatics is known as a  or.

Other
In some churches a brazier is used to host a small fire, called new fire, which is then used to light the during the.

Braziers were common on industrial, largely replaced by protest marches and rallies, and a newspaper casts strikes as more as a further reason for their decline.

The Japanese translation is  - principally for cooking and in cultural rituals such as the.

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