Cart

A or  (Aus. & NZ ) is a  designed for, using two  and normally pulled by one or a pair of. A handcart is pulled or pushed by one or more people.

It is different from the also known as a dray, (for freight) or, which is a heavy transport vehicle with four wheels and typically two or more humans.

The draught animals used for carts may be {{horse||s, {{donkey||s or {{mule||s, {{ox||en, and even smaller animals such as {{goat||s or large {{dog||s.

History
Carts have been mentioned in literature as far back as the second millennium B.C. Handcarts pushed by humans have been used around the world. In the 19th century, for instance, some traveling across the plains of the  between 1856 and 1860 used handcarts.

The history of the cart is closely tied to the.

Carts were often used for judicial punishments, both to transport the condemned – a in itself (in  defeated leaders were often carried in the victorious general's ) – and even, in England until its substitution by the  under, to tie the condemned to the cart-tail and administer him or her a public whipping. Tumbrils were commonly associated with the French Revolution as a mobile stage elevating the condemned on the way to the guillotine: this was simply a continuation of earlier practice when they were used as the removable support in the gallows, before calculated the precise drop needed for instant severance of the nerve column.

Types of carts
Larger carts may be drawn by s, such as s, s, or en. They have been in continuous use since the invention of the wheel, in the 4th millennium BC. Carts may be named for the animal that pulls them, such as horsecart or oxcart. In modern times, horsecarts are used in competition while. A , however, is usually a cart designed to carry : an open cart with two cross-seats back to back; the dogs could be penned between the rear-facing seat and the back end.

The term “cart” (synonymous in this sense with chair) is also used for various kinds of lightweight, two-wheeled, some of them  (or spring carts), especially those used as open pleasure or sporting vehicles. They could be drawn by a horse, pony or dog. Examples include:

The builder of a cart may be known as a cartwright; the surname "Carter" also derives from the occupation of transporting goods by cart or wagon. Carts have many different shapes, but the basic idea of transporting material (or maintaining a collection of materials in a portable fashion) remains. Carts may have a pair of shafts, one along each side of the draught animal that supports the forward-balanced load in the cart. The shafts are supported by a saddle on the horse. Alternatively (and normally where the animals are oxen or buffalo), the cart may have a single pole between a pair of animals. The draught traces attach to the axle of the vehicle or to the shafts. The traces are attached to a collar (on horses), to a yoke (on other heavy draught animals) or to a harness on dogs or other light animals.
 * Cocking cart: short-bodied, high, two-wheeled, seat for a groom behind the box; for driving
 * Dead cart to carry victims of the plague
 * : light, usually one horse, commonly two-wheeled and high, two transverse seats set back to back
 * Donkey cart: underslung axle, two lengthwise seats; also called pony cart, tub-cart
 *  : a dropped axle to give an especially low loadbed, for carrying heavy or unstable items such as . The name survives today as a.
 * : light, two-wheeled, entered from the rear, body partly or wholly of, seat for two persons along each side; also called governess car, tub-cart
 * : light, two-wheeled, horse-drawn, for two persons facing forward, or four, two facing forward and two rearward. The seat is adjustable fore-and-aft to keep the vehicle balanced for two or four people.
 * Stolkjaerre: two-wheeled, front seat for two, rear seat for the driver; used in Norway
 * Tax cart: spring cart, formerly subject to a small tax in England; also called taxed cart
 * Whitechapel cart: spring cart, light, two-wheeled, especially for family or light delivery service
 * Pushcart, a cart that is pushed by one or more persons.

Traces are made from a range of materials depending on the load and frequency of use. Heavy draught traces are made from or  chain. Lighter traces are often leather and sometimes hemp, but plaited horse-hair and other similar decorative materials can be used.

The dray is often associated with the transport of s, particularly of.

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